마이크 폼페이오 전 미국 국무장관은 대만해협 사태와 관련, “미국과 관련국들의 결의가 약해졌다고 판단한다면, 중국은 대만을 공격할 것”이라며 한국과 베트남은 ‘쿼드’(Quad)에 참여해 중국의 도전에 맞서야 한다고 강조했다. 쿼드는 미국·일본·호주·인도 4개국이 참여한 안보협의체다. 도널드 트럼프 미 행정부에서 국무장관을 지낸 폼페이오는 2018년 싱가포르, 2019년 베트남 하노이에서 개최된 트럼프 대통령과 북한 김정은 국무위원장의 북·미 정상회담을 막후에서 조율했다. 인터뷰는 지난 13일 서울 송파구 잠실롯데호텔에서 진행됐다.
―낸시 펠로시 미국 하원의장의 대만 방문 이후 중국이 대만해협에서 긴장을 고조시키고 있다. 유럽에선 러시아의 도발로 시작된 우크라이나 침공 사태가 지속되고 있다.
“중국의 도전은 대만에만 국한된 것이 아니다. 홍콩과 신장위구르자치구의 인권탄압 사례를 흘려 넘겨선 안 된다. 중국이 영향력을 행사하려 하는 모든 관련국은 중국의 스파이 활동이나 경제적 활동 등에 관심을 가질 필요가 있다. 대만이 중국의 도전에 대응할 수 있도록 군사적인 지원을 포함해 모두 수단을 제공할 필요가 있다. 우크라이나 군대는 규모도 작고 능력도 뛰어나지 않다. 우크라이나 역시 주권을 지킬 수 있도록 필요한 자원을 제공해줄 필요가 있다.”
―대만해협 사태는 한국을 비롯한 주변국에도 파장이 크다. 어떻게 대응해야 하나.
“중국공산당은 한국에 안보와 경제 차원에서 매우 큰 도전이 되고 있다. 내가 반복적으로 얘기한 것이지만 중국 시진핑 국가주석은 북한 김정은 국무위원장을 조종하고 있다. 김정은은 시진핑의 대필작가나 다름없다. 국가안보 차원에서는 두 사람을 독립적 존재로 봐선 안 된다. 중국은 북한에 필수적인 경제적 자원을 지원하기 때문에 김정은의 행동은 결코 독립적으로 이뤄질 수 없다. 이는 한국에 중요한 시사점을 던진다. 우리는 꼭 해야 할 일에 집중해야 한다. 쿼드가 그것이다. 쿼드는 순항하고 있다. 이제는 중국공산당의 도전을 이해하는 다른 나라들도 쿼드에 참여해야 한다. 한국이나 베트남이 그런 나라들이다.”
―가까운 장래에 중국이 대만을 공격할 수 있다고 보나.
“시점을 예상하기에는 변수가 너무 많다. 지금 당장 일어날 수 있는 일이기도 하다. 걱정되는 부분이 있다. 시진핑은 현재 미국 행정부의 취약점을 간파하고 있다. 미국 군사력의 취약점이 아니다. 결의의 부족이다. 미국 정부는 중요한 것을 지켜내겠다는 의지를 보여주지 못하고 있다. 미국은 능력이 있는데도 아프가니스탄 국민들을 보호하지 않았다. 이달 말이면 미국의 아프간 철군 1년이다. 나도 아프간 미군 감축에 동의했지만 미국은 제대로 된 준비 없이 빠져나왔다. 그런 과정을 시진핑과 김정은이 면밀히 주시하고 있다. 중요한 것을 지키겠다는 미국과 관련국들의 결의가 약해졌다고 판단한다면, 중국은 대만을 공격할 것이다.”
―폴 러캐머라 주한미군사령관은 지난해 5월 미 의회 인준청문회에서 “주한미군을 지역 범위의 작전계획에 통합시키겠다”고 발언했다. 대만 급변사태 시 주한미군이 동원될 가능성이 있는가.
“주한미군은 (중국의 대만 침공을 격퇴하는 과정에서) 매우 중요한 요인이다. 개인적으로 주한미군을 배제한다면 실수라고 생각한다. 중국공산당에 잘못된 신호를 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 하지만 그런 선택을 하려면 많은 희생을 치르겠다는 결연한 각오를 해야 한다. 한국은 물론, 미국도 중국과 경제적으로 긴밀히 얽혀 있다.”
―트럼프 전 대통령은 지난 12일 ‘서밋 2022 & 리더십 콘퍼런스’ 기조연설에서 “북한은 대통령 재임 시절 나와 함께 출발했던 길을 계속 걸어가야 한다”고 촉구했다. 북한은 핵을 포기할 수 있을까.
“우리는 북·미 정상회담 당시 핵을 포기하고 체제 안전을 보장받으라고 설득했다. 그리고 2700만 북한 주민의 삶을 개선시키라고 했지만 비핵화 이행 방법을 놓고 의견이 갈려 결국 미완에 그쳤다. 하지만 김정은은 젊다. 그가 핵 없이도 안전한 나라가 될 수 있다는 결론에 이르기를 바란다. 그러려면 시진핑의 영향권에서 벗어나야 한다. 북·미 정상회담 당시 김정은은 트럼프를 만날 때마다 시진핑에게 사전 보고를 했다. 싱가포르, 하노이 회담 직전에는 공개적으로 시진핑을 찾아갔다. 그에게 미국과의 정상회담에서 무슨 말을 할지, 어떻게 행동할지 보고를 하고 지도를 받았다고 생각한다. 우리는 대화를 할 때마다 모든 면에서 중국의 입김을 느낄 수 있었다.”
―트럼프 정부가 다시 들어서면 북·미 정상회담이 재개될 것으로 보나.
“트럼프 대통령이 과거에 걸었던 길을 다시 걸을 것이라고 보는 게 상식적 판단 아닌가. 지난 회담에서 북한 고위층과 많은 접촉이 있었고 이는 큰 자산이다.”
-2024년 대선에 출마할 계획인가.
"아직 결정하지 않았다. 하나님만이 알 것이다. 오는 11월 미 의회 중간선거에서 공화당이 승리할 수 있도록 최선을 다할 생각이다."
*아래는 함께 인터뷰한 미국 워싱턴타임스 기사.
Pompeo says China’s Xi senses ‘weakness’ emanating from White House
Former secretary of state say calls out Biden's 'absence of resolve' on foreign policy
By Guy Taylor - The Washington Times - Updated: 10:23 p.m. on Sunday, August 14, 2022
The U.S. should give Taiwan “every tool” it needs to block a Chinese takeover, according to former Secretary of State and potential 2024 Republican presidential candidate Mike Pompeo, who says an “absence of resolve” in President Biden‘s foreign policy has invited aggression from adversaries around the world.
Hostile regimes — particularly Russia, China, Iran, North Korea and Venezuela — sense weakness and are eager to capitalize, Mr. Pompeo said over the weekend. He suggested that the art of great-power deterrence that has long undergirded America’s global posture has all but fallen by the wayside over the past two years.
“Deterrence depends on both capabilities and intention, and the administration has not shown the intention to protect the things that matter,” Mr. Pompeo told The Washington Times in a wide-ranging interview during a visit to South Korea, where he appeared at an event promoting deeper U.S. engagement in the Pacific.
Although he sidestepped the question of whether he will run for president — saying “only the Lord knows” — Mr. Pompeo said he will do everything he can to ensure a Republican victory in the congressional midterm elections.
He expressed concern that national security agencies, including the FBI, are under assault from a “political mindset” that threatens to undermine the core mission of protecting Americans.
When asked about the FBI’s raid of former President Donald Trump’s Mar-a-Lago estate in Florida, Mr. Pompeo said it’s imperative to “strip out the politics” from the agency’s day-to-day operations.
He warned of dangerous consequences “when you start prosecuting your enemies” in domestic politics.
More broadly, he suggested that Mr. Biden‘s foreign policy missteps should factor into Republican efforts to retake Congress and the White House. He said the anniversary this week of the Taliban’s surge back to power in Afghanistan is one of the more disturbing examples.
Xi sees weakness
The administration’s disastrous handling of the U.S. troop pullout set into motion a trend of adversaries pushing the envelope in increasingly aggressive ways, Mr. Pompeo said.
China, especially, has grown emboldened to advance its interests vis-a-vis Taiwan with confidence that Washington will seek to avoid confrontation, he said.
Mr. Pompeo said he personally supported reducing U.S. forces in Afghanistan, but only under a “certain set of conditions.”
“Every world leader” witnessed the “debacle” of the U.S. withdrawal last year and “saw an America that wasn’t prepared to do the basic blocking and tackling, something that it was fully capable of doing to protect its people and its interests,” he said.
“When they see that — that absence of resolve — I think it increases the likelihood that Xi Jinping will make an aggressive attempt to do what he has long wanted to do, which is to bring Taiwan back inside of the Chinese orbit,” he said. “There is little doubt in my mind that Xi Jinping senses weakness from an American administration.”
His comments coincide with hand-wringing in Washington over the Biden administration’s response to rising Chinese military provocations toward Taiwan after House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s visit to the island democracy.
Mr. Biden drew bipartisan criticism over his administration’s conciliatory rhetoric around the Pelosi visit. The White House went so far as to publicly warn the California Democrat that the trip was “not a good idea” and could unnecessarily provoke China.
The placatory posturing continued even after China responded to the Pelosi visit with live-fire military drills, claiming her trip violated the U.S. commitment to the “one-China” policy.
The administration has since drawn criticism for resisting a bipartisan push for legislation to revamp the policy by declaring Taiwan a “major non-NATO ally” and authorizing $4.5 billion in security assistance.
Pelosi undercut
Mr. Pompeo, who was a Republican congressman from Kansas before serving as CIA director and secretary of state under Mr. Trump, took issue with the administration’s posturing and defended Mrs. Pelosi’s resolve to visit Taiwan.
“Once Speaker Pelosi had announced her intention to travel to Taiwan, to have the executive branch … frankly part of her party … come out and say, ‘No we don’t think it’s wise for her to go,’ is exactly the same language that would be used [by] the Chinese Communist Party’s foreign ministry,” he said. “That weakens America. It makes us less secure and certainly presents a lot of risk to Taiwan.
“The Chinese act as if this was some huge challenge, some huge confrontation with them, some intentional provocation of the Chinese Communist Party,” he said. “She was getting on an airplane, landing and having a meeting, and so we ought not lose sight of the fact that what the Chinese Communist Party did over the last week isn’t really a response to Pelosi’s visit.”
“[It] was a post-hoc justification for what they’ve wanted to do … to unify Taiwan with China,” Mr. Pompeo said. “The truth is they want to go take over another free and sovereign nation and bring it inside of the Chinese orbit.
“To protect them from allowing that to happen,” he said, “we should be providing the Taiwanese every tool they need.”
The former secretary of state also accused the administration of falling short on providing military support to Ukraine to fend off Russia’s invasion.
“There’s been all this talk about we’re going to provide these resources, and I think if you ask the Ukrainian military, we have been slow and late and small,” Mr. Pompeo said. “You can disagree on the policy, and many do, even inside my own party. But if your policy is to support the Ukrainians and provide them the tools they need to defend their own sovereignty, provide them. Don’t issue a press release; just provide them.”
Clear lines drawn
Mr. Pompeo also criticized the Biden administration’s policy of waiting indefinitely for Iran‘s hard-line Islamist government to accept the president’s offer to reinstate the Obama-era nuclear accord. Mr. Trump pulled the U.S. out of the agreement in 2018.
The Justice Department last week announced that an Iranian operative had been charged in a plot to kill Trump-era National Security Adviser John Bolton. Sources familiar with the charges have said Mr. Pompeo was also a target in the plot.
Mr. Pompeo said Iranian leaders have “made no secret” about efforts to “come after” officials of the former Trump administration. He said the Trump administration was more committed than the Biden administration to ensuring “Iran never got nuclear weapons.”
“The Biden administration is pretty focused on giving them a whole bunch of money, which will ultimately enable them to do just that, to build not only a weapon but a weapons program,” he said in reference to the administration’s offer to restore sanctions relief if Iran returns to compliance with nuclear enrichment limitations set by the Obama-era deal.
Mr. Pompeo spoke with The Times while in Seoul to participate in a leadership summit, Toward Peace on the Korean Peninsula, hosted by the Universal Peace Federation.
UPF was co-founded by Hak Ja Han Moon, the leader of the Unification Church and wife of the late Rev. Sun Myung Moon. The two devoted their lives to the promotion of world peace and the reunification of the Korean Peninsula — an undergirding premise of the movement that grew from the Unification Church that Rev. Moon founded in 1954.
The movement has evolved through the decades into a global spiritual movement and an affiliated commercial empire comprising hundreds of ventures in more than a half-dozen countries, including hospitals, universities and newspapers, including The Washington Times.
In his interview with The Times, Mr. Pompeo emphasized the need for a firmer and clearer policy toward North Korea. He suggested that the Biden administration’s lack of resolve has resulted in Pyongyang “preparing to conduct a nuclear test.”
More broadly, Mr. Pompeo described “deterrence” as an idea “at the center of keeping America safe.”
“Whether you live in Minnesota or Texas or El Paso,” he said, “you need a strong America that deters.
“You can’t constantly be on your back foot … purely playing defense, because the other side will see that,” Mr. Pompeo said. “If they don’t feel risk and they don’t feel threat and they don’t feel that there is a strong America, then I always use the old Southwest Airlines line, they will ‘feel free to move about the cabin.’
“That’s what you’re seeing all across the world. You’re seeing the bad guys feel free to move across the cabin.”
He said the Trump administration’s model was “to use America’s core strength, our economic power, our resources and energy, all the tools that we have that aren’t related to the United States military. And then we’re going to build up a military that says when it’s ‘go’-time, we’re going to be really good.”
He said the Biden administration needs to learn from the Trump team’s combination of clarity about bright lines and willingness to push back if those lines are breached.
“Our national security team [was also] serious about saying these are the things that matter, we’re going to defend those lines. It wasn’t everywhere and always. It was realistic. It was restrained,” Mr. Pompeo said. “But we were serious about it, and I think that kept a lot of the bad guys saying, ‘You know, we think we’ll give the Americans some space for the things that they have demonstrated that they care about.’”
He said that under Mr. Biden, “that’s what’s flipped.”
“When you draw those lines, you set out the boundaries, you have to be prepared to defend them … in a way that the bad guys can see it’s just not worth the risk,” he said.
• Guy Taylor can be reached at gtaylor@washingtontimes.com.
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/aug/14/pompeo-says-chinas-xi-senses-weakness-emanating-wh/
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